I have been programming for Rails for about 2-3 years now. As I came from a C# background it was a bit awkward for me to see some design principles I took as good practices being unashamedly broken such as:
- data-driven models mixed with persistence logic instead of plain old domain objects
- controllers being used as application scenarios instead of coordinators between my actual application object and the view ( that was my understanding of MVC )
At that time I just thought it was the ruby-on-rails way of doing things and as a good newcomer in the ruby developer community I decided I should learn and listen more from other rails developers and forums than telling what the best practices should be.
However after some years of work experience I realized some of those design problems were not sufficiently addressed for some anti-patterns: ( At least not until this year - some problems are still not addressed )
- fat controllers / skinny models
- skinny controllers / fat models
- god models
- transparent polyglot persistence in domain models ( SQL, NoSQL, Graph, etc ... )
Note that these design problems were solved in other programming environments long ago.
Now with the maturity of rails developer community and the increasing adoption of rails in many enterprises I see design patterns and ideas being presented more often.
The objective of these ideas seems to be the same: keep active record models focused only on data and extracting out logic of any kind ( business, view, etc.. ) to other classes or modules.
Some ideas that called my attention are:
- Use of service objects that orchestrate rails models in handling complex scenarios
- Use of rails concerns (modules) to extract behavior or methods that do not belong to the model responsibility (which in rails means data persistence and validation)
Some oppose to rails concerns because it can lead your rails model class to have many roles instead of one-role. ( This is a popular clean code principle: one class, one role )
However in his article DHH gave good reasons for doing it what actually made me open an exception for this clean code principle for this particular ruby case. ( I am a clean code fan and exceptions are rare)
In this case this clean code principle of one-role-class became a bit different for me after reading DHH article (see reference below in chubby models):
- one class should have one IMPLEMENTATIONAL role.
In Ruby a rails model should implement only ONE role while it can be injected by many others.
For instance it is not a problem that your class contain many roles since they come from mixins.
However mixins (or Rails concerns) should augment the rails model features and not make your class implementation dependent on them. It is not forbidden to be dependent on mixins such as by active record or mongoid since they are part of the one implementational role defined for the class but some caution is needed.
In the other hand the idea of using a service object can make it clear that some complex business concepts are executed separately. Scenarios include payment process, authentication and many others. Its benefit is very clear to me.
Both ideas are of great help to keep both controllers and models on a diet ( skinny controller / skinny models ) but other design problems such as transparent polyglot persistence and possible many others remain unanswered.
I hope to see what the ruby community will have to say about that in the future.
Maybe I can answer some of those questions, who knows ?
References:
